Euonymus europaeus L.

Spindle

Minimum height	200
Maximal height	400
Life form	M
SBT (Social Behaviour Type)	G
Ujvárosi's life form system	NA
Modified Ellenberg - Müller-Dombois life form (main category)	Ph
Modified Ellenberg - Müller-Dombois life form (sub-category)	Ph_caesp

Chromosome number	64
Ploidy level	NA

Phytosociological categorization (Soó)	E
Phytosociological categorization (Borhidi)	8.4
Nativeness	native species
Residence time
Introduction mode
Invasion status
Area type	EUR
Conservation status	not protected
Conservation value (HUF)
Year of protection
IUCN Red List category	LC
Hungarian Red List category
Conservation value category	K

Ellenberg indicator values
EIV L	6
EIV T	5
EIV K	3
EIV F	5
EIV R	8
EIV N	5
EIV S	0
Zólyomi's ecological indicator values
TZ-scale	5a
WZ-scale	5
RZ-scale	3
Soó's ecological indicator values
TS-scale	3-4
FS- scale	2-3
RS- scale	4
NS-scale	2-3
Borhidi's ecological indicator values
TB-scale	5
WB-scale	5
RB-scale	6
NB-scale	5
LB-scale	6
CB-scale	3
SB-scale	0

Leaf traits
Leaf Area (Lhotsky et al. 2016)	NA
Leaf Area (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
Leaf Area (Gyalus et al. 2022)	NA
Leaf Area (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	1437.500
LDMC (Lhotsky et al. 2016)	NA
LDMC (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
LDMC (Gyalus et al. 2022)	NA
LDMC (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	290.389
SLA (Lhotsky et al. 2016)	NA
SLA (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
SLA (Gyalus et al. 2022)	NA
SLA (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	19.262
Leaf fresh mass (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
Leaf fresh mass (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	0.257
Leaf dry mass (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
Leaf dry mass (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	74.633

Distribution in Hungary

Distribution maps presented here are only for reference purposes, for more details see the Vascular plants of Hungary online database.

Last update: 3 February 2022.