Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth

Hard Shield-fern

Minimum height	30
Maximal height	80
Life form	He
SBT (Social Behaviour Type)	G
Ujvárosi's life form system	NA
Modified Ellenberg - Müller-Dombois life form (main category)	H
Modified Ellenberg - Müller-Dombois life form (sub-category)	NA

Chromosome number	164
Ploidy level	NA

Phytosociological categorization (Soó)	E41
Phytosociological categorization (Borhidi)	8.4.3
Nativeness	native species
Residence time
Introduction mode
Invasion status
Area type	EUA
Conservation status	P
Conservation value (HUF)	5000
Year of protection	1982
IUCN Red List category	NE
Hungarian Red List category
Conservation value category	V

Ellenberg indicator values
EIV L	3
EIV T	6
EIV K	2
EIV F	6
EIV R	6
EIV N	7
EIV S	0
Zólyomi's ecological indicator values
TZ-scale	5
WZ-scale	7
RZ-scale	5
Soó's ecological indicator values
TS-scale	3
FS- scale	3
RS- scale	2-4
NS-scale	2-3
Borhidi's ecological indicator values
TB-scale	6
WB-scale	6
RB-scale	6
NB-scale	7
LB-scale	3
CB-scale	2
SB-scale	0

Leaf traits
Leaf Area (Lhotsky et al. 2016)	NA
Leaf Area (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
Leaf Area (Gyalus et al. 2022)	NA
Leaf Area (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	20682.250
LDMC (Lhotsky et al. 2016)	NA
LDMC (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
LDMC (Gyalus et al. 2022)	NA
LDMC (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	333.766
SLA (Lhotsky et al. 2016)	NA
SLA (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
SLA (Gyalus et al. 2022)	NA
SLA (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	16.256
Leaf fresh mass (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
Leaf fresh mass (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	3.812
Leaf dry mass (E-Vojtkó et al. 2020)	NA
Leaf dry mass (McIntosh-Buday et al. 2022)	1272.250

Distribution in Hungary

Distribution maps presented here are only for reference purposes, for more details see the Vascular plants of Hungary online database.

Last update: 3 February 2022.