The phytosociological categorisation of species was extracted from the Flóra database (Horváth et al. 1995), but we also categorised some of the previously not categorised species based on literature data (see below).
Soó's phytosociological categorization of the vascular flora of Hungary (COENOS)
Rezső Soó described and systematized the plant communities of Hungary, and established the affiliation, loyalty or indifference of almost all species of the Hungarian flora to coenotaxa. In the Flóra database, the basis for the classification is the coenotaxonomic system of Soó (1968, 1980), supplemented by data from Simon (1992).
Species with a single phytosociological emphasis are associated with a single coenotaxon. Of the species with double or triple emphasis, species with a definite main emphasis were assigned to a category according to their dominant coenotaxon, species with a double emphasis were assigned to double categories, while species "loyal" to more than two coenotaxa were assigned to indifferent (I) or more or less indifferent (H) categories.
Categorisation requires highlighting salient features but losing more nuanced information, so the system can only consider species emphasis in fidelity, which can vary considerably between regions. The phytosociological system is hierarchical, which can give a sense not only of the phytosociological emphasis but also of the breadth of species’ phytosociological behaviour.
In PADAPT, some of the previously not categorised species have also been categorised based on recent literature data.
Categories and coding of Soó's system:
1 – LEMNO-POTAMEA
11 – Lemnetea
111 – Hydrocharietalia
1111 – Lemnion minoris
111101 – Lemno-Spirodeletum
111102 – Wolffietum arrhizae
111103– Salvinio-Spirodeletum
1112 – Hydrocharition
111201 – Lemno-Utricularietum
111202 – Hydrochari-Stratiotetum
111203 – Spirodelo-Aldrovandetum
12 – Potamogetonetea
121 – Potametalia
1211 – Ranunculion fluitantis
121101 – Ranunculetum fluitantis
121102 – Ranunculetum trichophylli-callitrichetum
121103 – Hottonietum palustris
1212 – Potamogetonion
121201 – Elodeetum
121202 – Myriophyllo-Potamogetonetum
121203 – Potamogetonetum lucentis
121204 – Najadetum minoris
1213 – Nymphaeion
121301 – Potamogetonetum natantis
121302 – Nymphaeetum albo-luteae
121303 – Nymphoidetum peltatae
121304 – Trapetum natantis
122 – Ruppietalia
1221 – Ruppion maritimae
122101 – Parvipotameto-Zannichellietum
123 – Utricularietalia
1231 – Sphagno-Utricularion
2 – CYPERO-PHRAGMITEA
21 – Phragmitetea & Molinio-Juncetea (resp. „Populetalia")
22 – Phragmitetea
221 – Phragmitetalia
2211 – Phragmition australis
221101 – Scirpo-Phragmitetum
221102 – Sparganietum erecti
221103 – Glycerietum maximae
221104 – Cladietum marisai
221105 – Rorippo-Oenanthetum
222 – Bolboschoenetalia
2221 – Bolboschoenion maritimi continentale
222101 – Bolboschoenetum maritimi
222102 – Schoenoplectetum litoralis
222103 – Bolboschoeno-Phragmitetum
223 – Nasturtio-Glycerietalia
2231 – Glycerio-Sparganion
223101 – Sparganio-Glycerietum fluitantis
224 – Magnocaricetalia
2241 – Magnocaricion & Molinietalia
2242 – Magnocaricion elatae
22421 – Caricion rostratae
224211 – Caricetum elatae
224212 – Caricetum appropinquatae
224213 – Carici-Menyanthetum
224214 – Schoenoplecto-Juncetum maritimi
22422 – Caricion gracilis
224221 – Carici-Typhoidetum
224222 – Caricetum acutiformis-ripariae
224223 – Caricetum vulpinae
23 – Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
231 – Nanocyperetalia
2311 – Elatini-Eleocharition ovatae & Potamogetonion (resp. Oryzion)
2312 – Elatini-Eleocharition ovatae & Aphanion (resp. Thero-Airion)
2313 – Elatini-Eleocharition ovatae
231301 – Eleochari-Caricetum bohemicae
231302 – Cypero-Juncetum bufonii
231303 – Dichostyli-Gnaphalietum uliginosi
231304 – Eleochari aciculari-Schoenoplectetum supini
2314 – Verbenion supinae
24 – Montio-Cardaminetea
241 – Montio-Cardaminetalia
2411 – Cardamino-Montion
241101 – Cardaminetum amarae
2412 – Cratoneurion commutati
241201 – Caricetum lepidocarpae-Cratoneuretum
3 – OXYCOCCO-CARICEA
31 – Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae & Magnocaricion
32 – Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae
321 – Scheuchzerio-Caricetalia nigrae
3211 – Caricion lasiocarpae
321101 – Carici lasiocarpae-Sphagnetum
3212 – Caricion canescenti-nigrae
321201 – Carici echinatae-Sphagnetum
3213 – Rhynchosporion albae
33 – Oxycocco-Sphagnetea
331 – Sphagnetalia magellanici
3311 – Sphagnion magellanici
331101 – Eriophoro vaginati-Sphagnetum recurvi
4 – MOLINIO-ARRHENATHEREA & CHENOPODIO-SCLERANTHEA
5 – MOLINIO-ARRHENATHEREA
51 – Molinio-Juncetea & Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae
52 – Molinio-Juncetea & Puccinellietalia
53 – Molinio-Juncetea
531 – Caricetalia davallianae' & Molinion
532 –Caricetalia davallianae
5321 – Caricion davallianae
532101 – Valeriano dioicae-Caricetum davallianae
532102 – Schoenetum nigricantis
532103 – Juncetum subnodulosi
532104 – Seslerietum uliginosae
5322 – Eriophorion gracilis
532201 – Carici flavae-Eriophoretum
533 – Molinietalia (resp. Molinio-Juncetea) & Magnocaricion
534 – Molinietalia & Festucetalia valesiacae (Brometalia in the west)
535 – Molinietalia & Festucion vaginatae
536 – Molinietalia
5361 – Molinion
536101 – Junco-Molinietum
536102 – Succiso-Molinietum
536103 – Molinio-Salicetum rosmarinifoliae
5362 – Deschampsion caespitosae & Puccinellietalia (spec. Beckm.ion & Juncion gerardi)
5363 – Deschampsion caespitosae
536301 – Deschampsietum caespitosae
536302 – Agrostetum albae
5364 – Alopecurion pratensis
536401 – Alopecuretum pratensis
536402 – Festucetum pratensis
5365 – Filipendulo-Petasition
536501 – Petasitetum hybridi
536502 – Filipendulo ulmariae-Geranietum palustris
536503 – Angelico-Cirsietum oleracei
54 – Arrhenatheretea
541 – Arrhenatheretalia & Alopecurion pratensis resp. Deschampsion caespitosae
542 – Arrhenatheretalia
5421 –Arrhenatherion elatioris
542101 – Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum
542102 – Alopecuro-Arrhenatheretum
542103 – Anthyllido-Festucetum rubrae
5422 – Triseto-Polygonion bistortae
542201 – Trisetetum flavescentis
5423 – Cynosurion cristati
542301 – Lolio-Cynosuretum
55 – Nardo-Callunetea & Molinio-Juncetea
56 – Nardo-Callunetea & Arrhenatheretea
57 – Nardo-Callunetea (often also Pino-Quercetalia)
571 – Nardetalia
5711 – Nardo-Agrostion tenuis
571101 – Agrostietum tenuis
572102 – Festuco ovinae-Nardetum
572 – Vaccinio-Genistetalia
5721 – Calluno-Genistion
572101 – Luzulo albidae-Callunetum
6 – PUCCINELLIO-SALICORNEA
61 - Thero-Salicornietea
611 – Thero-Salicornietalia
6111 –Thero-Salicornion
611101 – Salicornietum prostratae
6112 – Thero-Suaedion
611201 – Suaedetum pannonicae
612 – Crypsidetalia aculeatae
6121 – Cypero-Spergularion
612101 – Crypsydetum aculeatae
612102 – Acorelletum pannonicae
62 – Festuco-Puccinellietea
621 – Puccinellietalia
6211 – Puccinellion limosae
621101 – Puccinellietum limosae
621102 – Pholiuro-Plantaginetum
621103 – Camphorosmetum annuae
6212 – Puccinellion peisonis
621201 – Puccinellietum peisonis
621202 – Lepidio-Puccinellietum limosae
621203 – Lepidio-Camphorosmetum annuae
6213 – Juncion gerardii
621301 – Agrostio-Caricetum distantis
6214 – Beckmannion eruciformis
621401 – Agrostio-Alopecuretum pratensis
621402 – Agrostio-Glycerietum poiformis
621403 – Agrostio-Beckmannietum
622 – Artemisio-Festucetalia pseudovinae & Festucetalia valesiacae
623 – Artemisio-Festucetalia pseudovinae
6231 – Festucion pseudovinae
623101 – Artemisio-Festucetum pseudovinae
623102 – Peucedano-Asteretum punctati
7 – SEDO-CORYNEPHOREA
71 – Koelerio-Corynephoretea
711 – Corynephoretalia
7111 – Corynephorion
711101 – Corynephoretum canescentis
7112 – Thero-Airion
711201 – Filagini-Vulpietum pannonicum
711202 – Thymo-Festucetum pseudovinae
711203 – Festuco ovinae-Rhacomitrietum
711204 – Festuco ovinae-Polytrichetum
72 – Sedo-Polypodietea
721 – Alysso-Sedetalia
7211 – Alysso-Sedion
721101 – Grimmio-Sedetum albi-sexangularis
721102 – Geranio rotundifolio-Sedetum albi
722 – Hypno-Polypodietalia
7221 – Polypodion
722101 – Ctenidio-Polypodietum
722102 – Hypno-Polypodietum
8 – FESTUCO-BROMEA & Koelerio-Corynephoretea
9 – FESTUCO-BROMEA
91 – Festucetea vaginatae
911 – Festucetalia vaginatae & Festucetalia valesiacae
912 – Festucetalia vaginatae
9121 – Bromion tectorum
912101 – Brometum tectorum
912102 – Brometum secaletosum
9122 – Festucion vaginatae & Festucion rupicolae
9123 – Festucion vaginatae
912301 – Festucetum vaginatae
912302 – Festuco- Corynephoretum
92 – Festuco-Brometea & Arrhenatheretea
94 – Festuco-Brometea (or Festucetalia valesiacae previously, nowadays mostly Chenopodietea)
95 – Festuco-Brometea (resp. Festucetalia val.) & Quercetea pubescenti-petraeae
96 – Festuco-Brometea
961 – Brometalia erecti
9611 – Cirsio-Brachypodion
961101 – Lino tenuifolio-Brachypodietum pinnati
961102 – Galio boreali-Brachypodietum pinnati
962 – Festucetalia valesiacae
9621 – Seslerio-Festucion pallentis & Asplenio-Festucetum pallentis
9622 – Asplenio-Festucion pallentis
962201 – Minuartio-Festucetum pseudodalmaticae et poétosum scabrae
962202 – Inulo-Festucetum pseudodalmaticae
9623 – Bromo-Festucion pallentis
962301 – Seseli leucospermo-Festucetum pallentis
962302 – Stipo-Festucetum pallentis
962303 – Seslerietum sadlerianae
962304 – Festuco pallenti-Brometum erecti-pannonici
962305 – Sedo sopianae-Festucetum dalmaticae
9624 – Seslerio-Festucion pallentis
962401 – Campanulo-Festucetum pallentis
9625 – Festucion rupicolae
962501 – Chrysopogono-Caricetum humilis
962502 – Cleistogeno-Festucetum rupicolae
962503 – Pulsatillo-Festucetum rupicolae
962504 – Medicagini-Festucetum valesiacae
962505 – Salvio-Festucetum rupicolae
962506 – Astragalo-Festucetum rupicolae
9626 – Cynodonto-Festucion rupicolae-pseudovinae
962601 – Potentillo arenariae-Festucetum pseudovinae
962602 – Cynodonto-Poétum angustifoliae
962603 – Achilleo-Festucetum pseudovinae
962604 – Cynodonto-Festucetum pseudovinae
9627 – Danthonio-Stipion tirsae
962701 – Campanulo-Stipetum tirsae
9628 – Artemisio-Kochion
962801 – Agropyro pectinati-Kochietum prostratae
A – CHENOPODIO-SCLERANTHEA
A1 – Secalietea
A11 – Aperetalia
A111 – Aphanion
A111101 – Setario-Digitarietum
A12 – Lolio-Linetalia
A121 – Lolio remoto-Linion
A12101 – Lolio temulenti-Linetum
A13 – Secalietalia
A131 – Caucalydion platycarpos
A13101 – Setario-Stachietum
A132 – Trifolio-Medicaginion
A14 – Eragrostetalia
A141 – Consolido- & Tribulo-Eragrostion & Festucion vaginatae
A142 – Consolido- & Tribulo-Eragrostion
A143 – Consolido-Eragrostion minoris
A14301 – Consolido orientali-Stachyetum annuae
A14302 – Amarantho-Chenopodietum albi
A14303 – Convolvulo-Portulacetum
A144 – Tribulo-Eragrostion minoris
A14401 – Digitario-Portulacetum
A15 – Oryzetalia
A151 – Oryzion sativae
A15101 – Echinochloo-Oryzetum sativae
A2 – Chenopodietea & Festucetalia valesiacae
A3 – Chenopodietea (incl. Sisymbrietalia & Sisymbrion)
A31 – Sisymbrietalia
A311 – Sisymbrion
A31101 – Rorippo austriacae-Hordeetum murini
A31102 – Atriplicetum tataricae
A31103 – Malvetum neglectae
A312 – Convolvulo-Agropyrion repentis
A31201 – Agropyro-Convolvuletum arvensis
A32 – Onopordietalia (incl. Onopordion)
A321 – Onopordion acanthii
A32101 – Onopordetum acanthii
A32102 – Xanthietum spinosi
A4 – Artemisietea
A41 – Artemisietalia
A411 – Arction lappae
A41101 – Conietum maculati
A41102 – Arctio-Ballotetum nigrae
A5 – Galio-Urticetea
A51 – Calystegietalia
A511 – Alliarion petiolatae
A51101 – Chaerophylletum bulbosi
A51102 – Rudbeckio-Solidaginetum
A512 – Calystegion sepium (resp. „Populetalia")
A51201 – Glycyrrhizetum echinatae
A6 – Bidentetea & Elatini-Eleocharition ovatae (resp. Agrostion)
A7 – Bidentetea tripartitae
A71 – Bidentetalia (incl. Bidention)
A711 – Bidention tripartitae
A71101 – Bidentetum
A712 – Chenopodion rubri
A71201 – Dichostyli-Chenopodietum rubri
A71202 – Echinochloo-Polygonetum lapathifolii
A8 – Plantaginetea
A81 – Plantaginetalia (incl. Agropyro-Rumicion crispi)
A811 –Polygonion avicularis
A81101 –Lolio-Plantaginetum
A81102 – Sclerochloo-Polygonetum avicularis
A81103 – Juncetum tenuis
A812 – Agropyro-Rumicion crispi
A81201 – Lolio-Potentilletum anserinae
A81202 – Lolio-Alopecuretum
A9 – Epilobietea angustifolii
A91 – Epilobietalia angustifolii
A911 – Epilobion angustifolii & Atropion bella-donnae
A912 – Epilobion angustifolii
A91201 – Senecioni-Epilobietum angustifolii
A91202 – Calamagrostietum epigeii
A913 – Atropion bella-donnae
A91301 – Atropetum bella-donnae
A91302 – Molinietum litoralis
A92 – Sambucetalia
A921 – Sambuco-Salicion capreae
A92101 – Fragario-Rubetum
A92102 – Sambucetum racemosae
B – QUERCO-FAGEA & MOLINIO-ARRHENATHEREA
C – QUERCO-FAGEA (spec. Fagetalia) & Epilobietea
D – QUERCO-FAGEA with an emphasis on Quercetea
E – QUERCO-FAGEA
E1 – Salicetea purpureae
E11 – Salicetalia purpureae
E111 – Salicion eleagni
E11101 – Myricario-Epilobetum
E11102 – Hippophaë-Salicetum elaeagni
E112 – Salicion triandrae
E11201 – Salicetum purpureae
E11202 – Salicetum triandrae
E113 – Salicion albae (resp."Populetalia")
E11301 – Salicetum albae-fragilis
E2 – Alnetea glutinosae & Alno-Padion
E3 – Alnetea glutinosae
E31 – Alnetalia glutinosae
E311 – Alnion glutinosae
E31101 – Thelypteridi-Alnetum
E31102 – Dryopteridi-Alnetum
E31103 – Fraxino pannonicae-Alnetum
E312 – Salicion cinereae
E31201 – Calamagrostio-Salicetum cinereae
E31202 – Salici cinereae-Sphagnetum recurvi
E31203 – Salici pentandrae-Betuletum pubescentis
E4 – Querco-Fagetea
E41 – Fagetalia
E411 – Alno-Padion
E41101 – Fraxino pannonicae-Ulmetum
E412 – Alnion glutinosae-incanae
E41201 – Carici remotae-Fraxinetum
E41202 – Carici brizoidis-Alnetum
E41203 – Carici acutiformis-Alnetum
E41204 – Aegopodio-Alnetum
E413 – Fagion medio-europaeum
E4131 – Asperulo-Fagion
E41311 – Aconito-Fagetum
E41312 – Melittio-Fagetum
E41313 – Abieti-Fagetum
E4132 – Cephalanthero-Fágion (& Orno-Fagetum)
E41324 – Seslerio hungaricae-Fagetum
E41325 – Tilio-Sorbetum
E4133 – Tilio-Acerion & Cephalanthero-Fagion
E4134 – Tilio-Acerion
E41346 – Phyllitidi & Parietario Aceretum
E4135 – Carpinion betuli
E41357 – Querco petraeae-Carpinetum
E41358 – Querco robori-Carpinetum
E41359 – Aceri campestri-Quercetum petraeae-roboris
E414 – Fagion illyricum
E41401 – Fraxino pannonicae-Carpinetum
E41402 – Helleboro dumetoro-Carpinetum
E41403 – Asperulo taurinae-Carpinetum
E41404 – Vicio oroboidi-Fagetum
E41405 – Helleboro odoro-Fagetum
E41406 – Tilio tomentosae-Fraxinetum
E415 – Fagion dacicum
E42 – Pino -Quercetalia
E421 – Castaneo-Quercion
E42101 – Castaneo-Quercetum
E422 – Genisto germanicae-Quercion
E42201 – Luzulo-Quercetum subcarpaticum
E42202 – Genisto pilosae-Quercetum petraeae
E42203 – Sorbo-Quercetum petraeae
E423 – Pino-Quercion
E42301 – Pino-Quercetum
E424 – Deschampsio-Fagion
E42401 – Luzulo-Fagetum
E5 – Quercetea pubescenti-petraeae & Pino-Quercetalia
E6 – Quercetea pubescenti-petraeae
E61 – Orno-Cotinetalia
E611 – Orno-Cotinion
E61101 – Cotino-Quercetum pubescentis
E61102 – Fago-Ornetum
E61103 – Orno-Quercetum pubescenti-cerris
E612 – Quercion farnetto
E61201 – Potentillo micranthae-Quercetum
E62 – Quercetalia pubescentis
E621 – Quercion petraeae & Aceri tatarico-Quercion
E622 – Quercion petraeae
E62201 – Quercetum petraeae-cerris
E623 – Aceri tatarico-Quercion & Festucion rupicolae
E624 – Aceri tatarico-Quercion
E62401 – Ceraso-Quercetum pubescentis
E62402 – Corno-Quercetum pubescentis-petraeae
E62403 – Waldsteinio-Spiraeetum mediae
E62404 – Tilio-Fraxinetum
E62405 – Mercuriali-Tilietum
E62406 – Aceri tatarico-Quercetum pubescenti-roboris
E62407 – Dictamno-Tilietum cordatae
E62408 – Festuco rupicolae-Quercetum roboris
E62409 – Festuco-Populo-Quercetum roboris
E6240A – Junipero-Populetum albae
E6240B – Galatello-Quercetum roboris
E6240C – Convallario-Quercetum roboris
E63 – Prunetalia
E631 – Prunion spinosae & Cerasion fruticosae
E632 – Cerasion fruticosae
E63201 – Amygdaletum nanae
E63202 – Crataego-Cerasetum fruticosae
E633 – Prunion spinosae
E63301 – Primo spinosae-Crataegetum
E634 Corylion
E63401 – Coryletum avellanae
E63402 – Solidagini-Cornetum
F – ABIETI-PICEEA
F1 – Erico-Pinetea
F11 – Erico-Pinetalia
F111 – Erico-Pinion
F11101 – Chamaebuxo-Pinetum
F11102 – Lino flavae-Pinetum
F12 – Pulsatillo-Pinetalia
F121 – Festuco vaginatae-Pinion
F12101 – Festuco vaginatae-Pinetum
F2 – Vaccinio-Piceetea
F21 – Vaccinio-Piceetalia
F211 – Abieti-Piceion
E21101 – Bazzanio-Abietetum praealpinum
G – SILVAE CULTAE
H – More or less indifferent species
I – Indifferent species
Data source and citation:
Horváth, F., Dobolyi, K., Morschhauser, T., Lőkös, L., Karas, L., & Szerdahelyi, T. (1995) Flóra adatbázis 1.2. Taxon-lista és attribútum állomány. Vácrátót: MTA ÖBKI.
Sonkoly, J., Tóth, E., Balogh, N., Balogh, L., Bartha, D. ... Török, P. (2022) PADAPT 1.0 – the Pannonian Database of Plant Traits. bioRxiv, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.05.519136
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